Bentonitin, Bitki Öldürücü İlaç Zehirlenmelerine Karşı Etkisi

Paraquat dünyada en yaygın olarak kullanılan bitki öldürücü ilaçlardan biridir. Son derece toksik bir madde olmakla beraber özellikle 3. dünya ülkelerinde intihar vakalarında çok yaygın olarak kullanıldığı belirtilmiştir. Semptomları arasında Karaciğer, Böbrek, kalp ve akciğer yetmezlikleri olmakla beraber tüketildiği andan itibaren 30 gün süresince etkilerini sürdürebilmekte ve Ölüme yol açması için 10 ml miktar yeterli olabilmektedir.

Paraquat Zehirlenmesi ile ilgili yapılan bir çalışmada, kil minerallerinin özellikle de bentonitin in vitro çalışmalarda çok etkili olduğunun gözlemlendiği vurgulanmıştır.

Treatment Of Paraquat Poisoning In Man: Methods To Prevent Absorption. Meredith TJ, Vale JA.

PMID: 3546086 [PUBMED – indexed for MEDLINE] Hum Toxicol. 1987 Jan;6(1):49-55. Theoretically, absorption of an ingested dose of paraquat may be reduced by gastric lavage, induced emesis, whole-gut lavage or by the oral administration of absorbent substances. Animal experiments suggest that paraquat is absorbed poorly from the stomach and absorbed incompletely (less than 5%) from the small intestine over a 1-6 h period. Although gastric lavage would therefore seem a logical way to ameliorate the toxicity of an ingested dose of paraquat, peak plasma concentrations are attained rapidly and evidence for the efficacy of gastric lavage in man is poor. In 1977, a potent emetic (PP796) was added to liquid and solid formulations of paraquat because experiments in primates had demonstrated a fivefold reduction in toxicity. In man, ingestion of formulations containing an emetic is more likely to cause spontaneous vomiting within 30 min than non-emetic preparations. However, definite evidence of benefit, as judged by improved patient prognosis, has yet to be established. Gut lavage has been shown to remove only a small proportion of an ingested dose of paraquat. At the flow rates employed in man (75 ml/min), approximately 0.5-1.0 litres of lavage fluid/h may be absorbed across the intestinal wall. Since there is a theoretical risk of increasing paraquat absorption, the use of whole-gut lavage cannot be recommended. Bipyridilium herbicides are absorbed by soil and clay minerals, and montmorillonite in particular has been shown to be a strong binding agent in vitro. Accordingly, the use of Fuller's Earth (calcium montmorillonite) and Bentonite (sodium montmorillonite) for the treatment of poisoning has been investigated in animal models.